Blocked drains are a common plumbing problem faced by both residential and commercial property owners. While some blockages are caused by isolated incidents, many are the result of long-term habits or environmental factors. If left unresolved, they can lead to water damage, structural issues, unpleasant odours, and expensive repairs.
Understanding what causes drains to block and how to identify the signs early can help you take appropriate action. In many cases, timely maintenance and the right tools can help you fix your blocked drains before the issue escalates into a more serious problem.
Hair Strands
Hair is one of the most common causes of blocked bathroom drains. Over time, hair strands combine with soap scum and other debris to form clumps that restrict water flow. This may occur in shower drains, bathroom sinks, and bathtubs.
To prevent hair buildup, consider installing drain strainers or covers that catch hair before it enters the pipe. These filters are inexpensive and easy to clean. For existing blockages, removing the strainer and using a small drain snake or a pair of pliers can often dislodge the clog. However, if the blockage is deeper within the pipe, professional cleaning may be required.
Grease and Fat
Grease, fats, and oils are the most common culprits in kitchen sinks. When poured down the drain, these substances cool and solidify, coating the inside of pipes. Over time, this coating makes the passageway narrower and traps other food particles, resulting in a complete blockage.
To avoid this, you should never pour cooking oil or grease down the sink. Instead, you should pour it into a sealed container and dispose of it in the rubbish bin. If grease has already caused a blockage, try pouring a mixture of hot water and dishwashing liquid down the drain to soften the buildup. However, this is only a temporary solution. For persistent issues, contact a licensed plumber to safely clear the pipe.
Tree Roots
Tree roots are a frequent cause of blocked outdoor drains and sewer lines, particularly in older properties with clay or concrete piping. Roots seek out moisture and nutrients; they can infiltrate even the smallest cracks in a pipe. Once inside, they expand and create blockages that disrupt the flow of water.
Signs of tree root intrusion include slow drainage, gurgling sounds, and foul odours. In more serious cases, you may notice water pooling in the yard or patches of green grass near sewer lines.
Foreign Objects
Paper towels, wet wipes, sanitary products, and cotton buds can create significant blockages if they are flushed or washed down the drain. The best prevention strategy is awareness. Households and businesses should ensure that only water and organic waste are disposed of in toilets and sinks.
If a foreign object causes a blockage, it may be possible to retrieve it with a drain snake or auger. However, if the object is lodged deep within the system, professional assistance is usually required to remove it without damaging the pipes.
Soap Residue and Mineral Deposits
Over time, soap residue can combine with minerals in hard water to form a solid buildup along pipe walls. This is particularly common in bathroom and laundry drains. It restricts water flow and traps other debris, increasing the likelihood of a complete blockage.
To prevent soap scum buildup, consider using liquid soap instead of bar soap and install a water softener if you live in a hard water area. If the blockage is mild, flushing the drain with a mixture of baking soda and vinegar followed by hot water can help.
Collapsed Pipes and Poor Installation
In some cases, blocked drains are caused by structural damage. Pipes can collapse or become misaligned due to ground movement, ageing infrastructure, or poor installation. When this happens, water flow is obstructed, and waste can back up into sinks, toilets, and other fixtures. Poorly designed or incorrectly installed plumbing systems can cause water to pool, increase the likelihood of clogs, and make future maintenance more difficult.
If drainage problems persist despite clearing blockages, a plumbing assessment may be necessary to assess the extent of the issue and identify its cause and location. A qualified plumber can determine whether poor design is contributing to the problem and recommend improvements.
Conclusion
Blocked drains can be caused by several factors. Identifying the root cause is important for applying the right solution and avoiding recurring problems. Early intervention reduces the risk of water damage and health hazards. By taking preventive measures, performing regular check-ups, and calling in professionals when needed, you can fix your blocked drains and protect your plumbing system from long-term damage.
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